Carburetor for internal combustion engines



G. R. MORTON CARBURETOR FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed March 18, 1960 Feb. 27, 1962 United States arent O 3,022,984 CARBURETOR FOR INTERNAL CONIBUSTION ENGINES Glen R. Morton, 7025 Sarpy Ave., Omaha, Nebr. Filed Mar. 18, 1960, Ser. No. 15,974 Claims. (Cl. 261-27) This invention relates to carburetors for internal combustion engines and more particularly to a carburetor having a control that actuates both the fuel and air intake means simultaneously.

The use of carburetors for furnishing an explosive charge to gasoline engines is old. In general, the purpose of a carburetor is to mix the liquid fuel, such as gasoline, with air and thereby produce an ignitable gas. Obviously, the efliciency of an internal combustion engine will depend on the Aproper mixture of `the air and gasoline. Substantially any standard carburetor may be adjusted to peak elliciency for a given engine speed'and/ or a given atmospheric pressure. The problem arises because carburetors have only one manual control, i.e., a buttery throttle valve in the air inlet tube. The air owthrough the air inlet tube is induced by the engine piston suction. Obviously, to make such a device operable it is necessary to first have a gasoline float actuated valve in the carburetor fuel supply and secondly a fuel pump to pump gasoline into the carburetor bowl.v Such a carburetor must always be a compromise. f

Therefore, one of the principal objects of thy-invention is to provide a carburetor having asingle manual control that simultaneously progressively opens or progressively l A still further object of this invention is to provide a4 g A still further object of this invention is to provide a A i carburetor means for internal combustion engines that is so eiiicientin operation as to reduce the pollution of the air by the exhaust' from the engine.

'Still further objects of my invention are to provide a 4ca rburetor means that is economical in manufacture and durable in use. l

These and other objects will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

My invention consists in the construction, arrangements, and combination, of the various parts of the device, whereby the objects contemplated are attained as hereinafter more fully set forth, specifically pointed out in my claims, and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which: Y

FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional View of my carburetor with parts in idling positions;

F'lG. 2 is a vertical sectional view of the main portions of the carburetor with parts in open positions; and

FIG. 3 is a cross sectional view of my device, taken on line 3 3 of FIG. 1, and more fully illustrates its construction. y

In the drawings I have used the numeral 10 to generally designate the carburetor housing having a circular bore 11 extending upwardly from the bottom of the carburetor in the form of an inverted well. The lower end of this bore 11 is adapted to be in communication with the intake manifold (not shown) of an internal combustion engine. The numeral 12 designates an air intake passageway communicating with the inside closed top area of the bore 11 as shown in FIG. 2. The numeral 13 designates a sleeve vertically slidable in the vertical bore 11. The numeral 15 designates an inwardly extending arm on the lower end of the sleeve 13. ExtendL ing downwardly through the top of the housing 10, into' the bore 11, and toward the arm 15 is a rigid tubularv member 16, having its lower end flared downwardly and outwardly and having its inner surface coincide in shape, with the base end being of a slightly greater diameter than the top end, as is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. Embracing the upper outside end portion of this member 16 is a continuous horizontal mote 17. In the inner top portion of the tubular member 16 is a continuous horizontal mote 19. Also in the inner side of the-tubular member 16, are three spaced apart vertical groove passageways 20 having their upper ends communicating with the internal mote 19. Vertically loosely slidably mounted in the tubular member 16 is a hollow tubular needle valve 21 extending to a height above the member 16. As shown in FIGS. l and 2, the outside surface of the Valve 21 is conical in shape, with the base end being of a slightly greater diameter than the top end. The numeral 22 designates a bearing portion in the inside center length of the valve '21, having a vertical hole 23. The numeral 25 designates a shaft extending upwardly from the arm 15, through the valve 21, and loosely through the hole 23 of the bearing 22. The numeral 26 designates an inverted cup slidably mounted 'on the upper end portion of the shaft 25, an adjusting nut 27 is threaded into the upper end of theshaft 25, and above the inverted cup 26. The numeral 28 designates a relatively Weak coil spring em- 'bracing the shaft 25 having one end engaging the inside top of the cup 26 and its other end engaging the top side of the bearing portion 22. The numeral 29 designates a coil spring relatively stronger than spring 23 embracing the shaft 25 having one end engaging the under side of the'bearing portion 22 and its other end engaging the top ofthe arm 15. The numeral 30 designates a piston embracing the upper'end portion of the valve 21, some distance below the top of the valve 21, and is vertically slidable in the inverted cup 26. The numeral 31 designates air slit passageways in the upper end of the valve 21 and above the piston 30. The numeral 32 designates an air passageway through the bottom of the inverted cup and which is located at one side of the .vertical plane of the valve 21.` The numeral 33 designates a spring v25' to slidably move downwardly as shown in FIG. 2. In the carburetor housing and to the left of the bore 11 is a vertical cylindrical compartment 37. The numeral 39 designates a cylinder core in the lower portion of the compartment 37. Embracing the lower portion of the .core 39 is a continuous groove mote 50. Apassageway 51 connects this mote to the inside of the bore 11. Slidably` mounted in the core is a piston member 52. Passageways 53 connect the mote to the-under side of the piston member 52. A coil spring 55 yieldingly urges the piston member 52 upwardly. The numeral 56. designates a well in the upper portion of the piston member. A

valve plate 57 is vertically slidably mounted in the well for preventing liquid fuel from passing back into the lower area of the well 56. The numeral 59 designates a conduit adapted to be in communication with a source of explosive fuel such as gasoline and which in turn is connected to the lower end of the well 56 by passageways 60. The numeral 61 designates a passageway connecting the upper end of the compartment 37 with the mote 17. The outer mote 17 is connected to the inner mote 19 by means of the smaller passage-ways 62. By this construction it will be appreciated that Athe carburetor operates or is affected to a great extent, by the ratio difrerential between that of the vacuum pull in the lower end of the bore 11 (caused by the piston displacement of the internal combustion engine) and the pressure of outside atmosphere. One or both of these are subject to rapid change, but the device properly balances the mixture of fuel and air to accomplish my objects herebefore enumerated. When the carburetor is closed and idling as shown in FIG. 1, the sleeve 13 will have the air passageway 12 closed. Gasoline will `flow past the valve 57, through the passageway 61 and into the mote i7. From the moteV 17 it will pass into the mote 19 between the tubular member 16 and valve 21, through passageways 62, thereby reaching the grooves 20, which connect with the mote 19. The gasoline will then pass and be drawn from the lower end of the valve 21 to mix with air at the lower end of the member 16. When idling the air supply will come through the adjustable passageway 32, thence into the inverted cup 26, thence into the top of the valve 21 and through its slots 31. Next the air will move downwardly through the hollow valve 21, to mix with the gasoline exiting from the grooves 2t) around the outside bottom of the valve 21. When the throttle is opened, however, for higher speed, the sleeve 13 will be lowered accordingly, thereby progressively opening the large air inlet 12 as shown in FIG. 2. Air through the valve 21 will be reduced because the shaft 25 will be lowered bringing the inverted cup 26 onto the top of, and thus closing, the valve 21. If quick acceleration is desired, the piston 52 comes into play. Because of the greater the velocity, the less the pressure, any such rapid changing condition will relieve suction at the bottom of the piston and the spring 55 will move it upwardly, thereby giving a needed additional shot charge of gasoline through the passageway 61.

Some changes may be made in the construction and arrangement of my carburetor for internal combustion engines without departing from the real spirit and purpose of my invention, and itv is my intention to cover by my claims, any modified forms of structure or use of mechanical equivalents which may be reasonably included within their scope.

I claim:

1 In a carburetor, a housing, having a bore adapted rto have its bottom in communication with the intake manifold of an internal combustion engine, an air passageway in said housing in communication with the upper area of said bore, a sleeve slidably mounted in said bore, a cylindrical member extending downwardly into said housing and its bore, a hollow valve member loosely slidable in said cylindrical member, a shaft slidably loosely extending through said valve member, an inverted cup on the upper end of said shaft, an air passageway extending through said cup, a piston embracing said valve -member and slidably mounted in said inverted cup, a means for slidably moving said sleeve and said shaft, and a fuel passageway operatively communicating with the inner side of said cylindrical member and adapted to be in communication with a source supply o'ffluid fuel.

Y 2. In a carburetor, a housing, having a bore adapted to have its bottom in communication with the intake manifoldvof an internal combustion engine, ari air passageway in said housing in communication withthe `upper area of'said bore, a sleeve slidably mounted insaid` bore,

a cylindrical member having an loutwardly flared lower end extending downwardly into said housing and its bore, a hollow valve member loosely slidable in said cylindrical member, a shaft slidably loosely extending through said valve member, an inverted cup on the upper end of said shaft, an air passageway extending through said cup, a piston embracing said valve member and slidably mounted in said inverted cup, a means for slidably moving said sleeve and said shaft, and a fuel passageway operatively communicating with the inner side of said cylindrical member and adapted to be in communication with a source supply of iluid fuel.

3. In a carburetor, a housing, having a bore adapted to have its bottom in communication with dtheintake manifold of aninternal combustion engine, an, air passageway in said housing in communication with the4 upper area Aof said bore, a sleeve slidably mounted in said bore, a cylindrical member extending downwardly into said housing and its bore, a hollow valve member loosely slidable in said cylindrical member, a shaft slidably loosely extending through said valve member, an inverted cup adjustably secured on the upper end of said shaft, an air passageway extending through said cup, a piston embracing said valve member and slidably mounted in said inverted cup, a means for slidably moving said sleeve and said shaft, and a fuel passageway operatively communieating with the inner side of said cylindrical member and adapted to be in communication with a suce supply of fluid fuel. K v

4. Iri acarburetor, housing,`having boi-e adapted to have its bottom in communicatiii with the ,intake manifold of an internal combstionegiiic, an air pas sageway inwsaid housing in communication withl the upper area of said bore, a sleeve slidably mountedin sid bore, a cylindrical member extending downwardly into said housing and its bore, a hollow valve member loosely slidable in said cylindrical member, a shaft slidably loosely extending through said valve member, an` inverted cup on the upper end of said shaft, an adjustable air passageway extending through said cup, piston embracing said valve member and slidably mounted in said inverted cup, a means for slidably moving said sleeve and said shaft, and afuel passageway operatively communicating with the inner side of said cylindrical membelarid adapted to be incommunication with a source supply of u'id fuel. 5. In a carburetor, a housig, having a bore adapted to have its bottom in communication with the intake manifold of an internal combustion engine, an air' pas sageway in said housing in communication with the upper area of said bore, a sleeve slidably mounted in said bore, a cylindrical member extending downwardly into s'aid housing. and its bore, a hollow valve member loosely slidable in said cylindrical member, a shaft slidably loosely extending through said valve member, an inverted cup on the upper end of said shaft, an air passageway extending through said cup, a piston embracing said valve member and slidably mounted in said inverted cup, a means for slidably moving said sleeve and said shaft, a spring means for yieldingly holding said valve in one direction of its sliding movement, and a fuelpassageway operatively communicating with the inner side of said cylindrical member and adapted to be in communication with a source supply of fluid fuel.

'6. In a carburetor, a housing, having` a bore adapted to have its bottom in communication with the intake manifold of an internal combustion engine, an air passageway in said housing in communication with the upper area of said bore, a sleeve slidably mounted in said bore, a cylindrical member extending downwardly into said housing and its bore, a hollow valve member loosely slidable in said cylindrical member, a shaft slidably loosely extending through said valve member, an inverted cup on the upper end of said shaft, an air passageway extending through said cup, a piston embracing said Valve member endl slidably mounted. inV saidl invertedy cup, a means for slidably moving said sleeve and said shaft, spring means for yieldingly holding said valve against sliding movement in both directions, and a fuel passageway operatively communicating with the inner side of said cylindrical member and adapted to be in communication with a source supply of fluid fuel.

'7. In a carburetor, a housing, having a bore adapted to have its bottom in communication with the intake manifold of an internal combustion engine, an air passageway in said housing in communication with the upper area of said bore, a sleeve slidably mounted in said bore, a

cylindrical member extending downwardly into said housing and its bore, a hollow valve member loosely slidable in said cylindrical member, a shaft slidably loosely extending through said valve member, an inverted cup on the upper end of said shaft, an air passageway extending through said cup, a piston embracing said valve member and slidably mounted in said inverted cup, a means for slidably moving said sleeve and said shaft, and a means for injecting an auxiliary amount of uid fuel through said fuel passageway at times.

8. In a carburetor, a housing, having a bore adapted to have its bottom in communication with the intake manifold of an internal combustion engine, an air passageway in said housing in communication with `the upper area of said bore, a sleeve slidably mounted in said bore, a cylindrical member extending downwardly into said housing and its bore, a hollow valve member loosely slidable in said cylindrical member, a shaft slidably loosely extending through said valve member, an inverted cup on the upper end of said shaft, an air passageway extending through said cup, a piston embracing said valve member and slidably mounted in said inverted cup, a means for slidably moving said sleeve and said shaft, a continuous mote between said valve member and said cylindrical member, a plurality of vertical groove passageways between said valve member and said cylinder member each having one end communicating with said mote and its other end terminating at the lower end of said valve member, and a fuel passageway adapted to be in communication with a source of supply of fluid fuel and in operative communication with the outer side of said valve member.

9. In a carburetor, a housing, having a bore adapted to have its bottom in communication with the intake manifold of an internal combustion engine, an air passageway in said housing in communication with the upper area of said bore, a sleeve slidably mounted in said bore, a cylindrical member extending downwardly into said housing'and its bore, a hollow valve member loosely slidable in said cylindrical member, a shaft slidably loosely extending through said valve member, an inverted cup on the upper end of said shaft, an air passageway extending through said cup, a piston embracing said valve member and slidably mounted in said inverted cup, a means for slidably moving said sleeve and said shaft, a continuous mote between said valve member and said cylindrical member, a plurality of a spaced apart vertical groovel passageways between said valve member and said cylinder member each having one end communicating with said mote and its other end terminating at the lower end of said valve member, and a fuel passageway adapted to be in communication with a source of supply of fluid fuel and in operative communication with the outer side of said valve member.

10. In a carburetor, a housing, having a bore adapted to have its bottom in communication with the intake manifold of an internal combustion engine, an air passageway in said housing in communication with the upper area of said bore, a sleeve slidably mounted in said bore, a cylindrical member extending downwardly into said housing and its bore, a hollow valve member loosely slidablev in said cylindrical member, a shaft slidably loosely extending through said valve member, an inverted cup on the upper end of said shaft, an air passageway extending through said cup, a piston embracing said valve member and slidably mounted in said inverted cup, a means for slidably moving said sleeve and said shaft, a continuous mote between said valve member and said cylindrical member, a plurality of vertical groove passageways between said valve and said cylinder member each having one end communicating with said mote and its other end terminating at the lower end of said valve member, and a fuel passageway adapted to be in communication with a source of supply of fluid fuel and in operative communication with the outer side of said valve member at a point below said mote.

References Cited in the le of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS v 1,412,000 Hawxhurst et al. Apr. 4, 1922 2,002,732 Culp May 28, 1935 FOREIGN PATENTS 187,569 Great Britain 1923 1,108,380 France Ian. 12. 1956 

